![]() ![]() Calico printers at work are depicted in one of the stained glass windows made by Stephen Adam for the Maryhill Burgh Halls, Glasgow. Later, the hues were applied by wooden blocks, and the cloth manufacturers in Britain printed calico using wooden block printing. Įarly Indian chintz, that is, glazed calico with a large floral pattern, was primarily produced using painting techniques. ![]() There now was an artificial demand for woven cloth. The Lancashire manufacturers exploited this exemption coloured cotton weft with linen warp were specifically permitted by the 1736 Manchester Act. The Woollen, etc., Manufactures Act 1720 was passed, enacting fines against anyone caught wearing printed or stained calico muslins. Again the woollen manufacturers, in true protectionist fashion, claimed that the imports were taking jobs away from workers in Coventry. ![]() Cottonwool imports recovered though, and by 1720 were almost back to their 1701 levels. Also, Lancashire businessmen produced grey cloth with linen warp and cotton weft, known as fustian, which they sent to London for finishing. These were printed with popular patterns in southern England. ![]() This caused demand to switch to imported grey cloth instead-calico that had not been finished-dyed or printed. In 1700 an Act of Parliament passed to prevent the importation of dyed or printed calicoes from India, China or Persia. Cheap calico prints, imported by the East India Company from Hindustān (India), had become popular. This was due to commercial legislation to protect the woollen industry. Cotton processing was tiny: in 1701 only 1,985,868 pounds (900,775 kg) of cottonwool was imported into England, and by 1730 this had fallen to 1,545,472 pounds (701,014 kg). That industry, centred in the east and south in towns such as Norwich, jealously protected their product. In the 18th century, England was famous for its woollen and worsted cloth. ![]()
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